Úsáideann caipiteal cadhnraí stáit soladacha go fíochmhar: ach tá an slabhra tionsclaíoch neamhfhoirfe agus tá fadhbanna teicniúla éagsúla fós le réiteach
Le déanaí, d'fhógair an chuideachta ceallraí stáit soladach Huineng Technology go raibh babhta nua maoinithe de 326 milliún dollar SAM curtha i gcrích; Fuair an chuideachta ceallraí soladach stáit Weilan New Energy infheistíocht de thart ar 500 milliún yuan, le luacháil tionscadail de 5 billiún yuan; D'fhógair Stellantis agus Daimler infheistíocht i ngnólachtaí nuathionscanta ceallraí soladacha stáit FactorialEnergy... Tá méadú ag teacht i gcónaí ar an éileamh atá ar chadhnraí soladacha stáit, agus iad ina asraon infheistíochta don tionscal feithiclí fuinnimh nua.
Scramble lucht déanta gluaisteán agus cuideachtaí ceallraí a fhorbairt
Tuigtear go gcuireann cadhnraí stáit soladacha in ionad an leictrilít agus an deighilteoir, rud a d'fhéadfadh dlús fuinnimh na gcadhnraí ian litiam reatha a mhéadú ó thart ar 300Wh/kg go dtí níos mó ná 500Wh/kg, agus fadhbanna cosúil le droch-chobhsaíocht ceallraí agus éifeachtacht íseal muirir a shárú.
Faoi láthair, tá cuideachtaí gluaisteán príomhshrutha agus cuideachtaí ceallraí ag streachailt chun cadhnraí stáit soladacha a fhorbairt. Mar shampla, in 2018, d’infheistigh Volkswagen US100 milliún in QuantumScape, cuideachta ceallraí ian litiam cumhachta Mheiriceá, le bheith ar an scairshealbhóir is mó, agus bhunaigh sé comhfhiontar chun cadhnraí stáit soladacha a fhorbairt, is é sin le rá. táthar ag súil go ndéanfar é-olltáirgthe tar éis 2023; Tá sé beartaithe ag BMW tosú ar chadhnraí soladacha stáit 100AH a úsáid le haghaidh feithiclí ag tosú an bhliain seo chugainn. Tástáil chaighdeánach rialaitheach agus comhtháthú feithicle, tá sé beartaithe aige feithicil fréamhshamhail a sheoladh ag baint úsáide as cadhnraí stáit soladacha faoi 2025, agus cuirfidh sé teicneolaíocht cheallraí soladstaide i bhfeidhm i mais{{13} }fheithiclí táirgthe faoi 2030; D’fhógair Hyundai agus Kia le chéile le déanaí gur síníodh comhaontú le FactorialEnergy chun cadhnraí stáit soladacha a chur chun cinn. Táirgeadh caighdeánaithe cadhnraí; ar an 29 Samhain, d’fhógair Nissan seoladh samhlacha feithiclí leictreacha atá feistithe leis na cadhnraí stáit soladacha go léir faoin mbliain fhioscach 2028...
I dtéarmaí cuideachtaí ceallraí, tá sé beartaithe ag LG New Energy na cadhnraí stáit soladacha go léir a thráchtálú ó 2025 go 2027; Tá sé beartaithe ag Samsung SDI -scála mór-soladach-ceallraí stáit agus gach-táirge fréamhshamhail ceallraí soladach-a fhorbairt faoi 2025, agus mais{{ 10} iad a tháirgeadh in 2027; Dúirt Ganfeng Litium Industry , gur éirigh leis an gcéad ghlúin de 200 milliún Wh soladach treoirlíne ceallraí stáit a chur i dtáirgeadh... Tá cuideachtaí gluaisteán agus cuideachtaí ceallraí díograiseach faoi infheistíocht a dhéanamh i soladach- cadhnraí stáit, agus tá roinnt torthaí tagtha amach.
"It is difficult to achieve industrialization within 10 years"
Tá buntáistí suntasacha ag cadhnraí stáit soladacha, ach ní féidir feidhmchláir ar scála mór a bhaint amach laistigh de thréimhse ghearr ama.
Wu Hui, general manager of the Research Department of Ivey Economic Research Institute, told reporters: "Solid-state batteries are the development trend of the power lithium-ion battery industry, but some technical problems cannot be solved at present, and it is difficult to achieve industrialization within 10 years. For example, solid-state batteries are solid-state batteries. Solid interface, large internal resistance, low electrical conductivity, there is no good solution." There are three mainstream technical routes for solid-state battery electrolytes - oxides, sulfides and polymers, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Yole Développement, a French market research company, pointed out that the key to solid-state battery applications is to find suitable electrolyte materials, and all current solutions have problems with ionic conductivity, battery life and safety.
"If the technical problems cannot be solved, the energy density advantages of solid-state batteries will not be reflected." Wu Hui said frankly.
Wu Hui further pointed out: "Actually, the 'solid-state batteries' that car companies are preparing to install are semi-solid batteries with a small amount of electrolyte." It is understood that semi-solid batteries belong to the transitional technology from liquid to solid-state batteries. For example, NIO previously announced a 150kWh solid-state battery product with a single energy density of 360Wh/kg, and the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) cruising range of the ET7 exceeds 1,000 kilometers. The company explained that although the battery is described as a solid-state battery, it is actually a semi-solid-state battery that still requires an electrolyte and a separator.
In addition, the complex process of solid-state batteries and the lack of industrial chains have pushed up production costs. But at the same time, some research institutions believe that if solid-state batteries are mass-produced, their cost will be 40 percent of that of lithium-ion batteries. "There will be a process of cost reduction after the industrialization of solid-state batteries, but the premise is industrialization. In the future, the cost parity of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles can be achieved through the application of solid-state batteries." Wu Hui believes.
Tosaíonn cuideachtaí Eorpacha, Mheiriceá, Seapáine agus na Cóiré níos tapúla
The market research institute SNEResearch estimates that by 2030, the global demand for solid-state batteries is expected to be close to 500GWh; by 2025, the global market space for solid-state batteries is expected to reach 6 billion yuan, of which my country's solid-state battery market space is expected to reach 3 billion yuan and 200 by 2030. billion. The Huaan Securities Industry Research Report pointed out that solid-state batteries have become an important breakthrough for some non-traditional battery companies to enter the lithium battery industry.
my country is the world's largest new energy vehicle market. With the advent of the TWh era, solid-state batteries have become a must for the company. The "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" issued in November last year clearly proposed to accelerate the research and development and industrialization of solid-state power lithium-ion battery technology.
Wu Hui said: "Solid-state batteries are the next-generation technology direction of power lithium-ion batteries. Whether car companies or battery companies, they must be deployed, occupy the commanding heights, and first solve technical problems such as conductivity."
It is understood that as the car company with the most patents in the field of solid-state batteries, Toyota's solid-state batteries have begun to be tested in prototype vehicles. Recently, Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that although my country is in a leading position in the supply of power lithium-ion batteries, companies in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea have taken the lead in the research and development of solid-state batteries, while China is still in the stage of "separate policy".
Creideann daoine ón taobh istigh den tionscal go bhfuil costas na gceallraí stáit soladacha a tháinig amach sa luathchéim sách ard, agus ní féidir an costas nua a fhritháireamh ach amháin trína mheaitseáil le samhlacha deiridh ard. Ag an am céanna, chun na deacrachtaí a bhaineann le tráchtálú cadhnraí stáit soladacha a shárú, ní mór d'fhorbróirí teicneolaíochta, soláthraithe trealaimh, déantúsóirí ceallraí agus OEManna oibriú le chéile chun tacaíocht theicniúil a neartú tuilleadh agus an bhearna sa slabhra soláthair a líonadh. . Ina theannta sin, ba cheart go bhfeabhsódh an leibhéal náisiúnta treoir bheartais agus go spreagfadh sé saothrú tionscadal buntáisteach.
